TY - SER AU - Dong, Nianbo AU - Bulus, Metin AU - Curenton, Stephanie M. AU - Ibekwe-Okafor, Nneka TI - Investigating the Differential Effects of Early Child Care and Education in Reducing Gender and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps From Kindergarten to 8th Grade SN - 0022-0574 PB - Journal of Education KW - Differential Effects KW - Early Care and Childhood Education KW - Generalized Propensity Score KW - Academic Achievement Gaps N2 - We used the generalized propensity score method to estimate the differential effects of five Early Child Care and Education (ECCE) experiences (Prekindergarten, Head Start, Center-based Child Care, Home-based Child Care, and Parental Care) in reducing math and reading achievement gaps between boys versus girls, Latinx versus Whites, and Blacks versus Whites. Findings revealed differential effects of ECCE in reducing gender and racial achievement gaps. However, results indicated that significant gender and racial gaps still exist despite ECCE experiences and that these gaps widen throughout the elementary and middle school years UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574221104979 ER -