TY  - BOOK
AU  -  Butler, Bettie Ray
AU  -  Williams, John A.
AU  -  Young, Jamaal R.
AU  -  Young, Jemimah L.
AU  - 2024
AU  - Edosomwan, Kristian
TI  - Tracking the Effects: Examining the Opportunity Stratification Hypothesis in Action
SN  - 0022-0574
PB  - Journal of Education
KW  -  College Preparation
KW  -  Discipline
KW  -  Opportunity Gap
KW  - Tracking
N2  - The relationship between academic tracking and exclusionary discipline actions has only been studied in a limited number of empirical studies. By placing students at the lower strata, schools deprive them of the educational opportunities, widening the educational opportunity gap in a process we define as "opportunity stratification." Using a quantitative analysis of data from the Educational Longitudinal Study, we found students in low-track, non-college preparatory courses had higher odds of experiencing both in-school and out-of-school suspensions when compared to students in the high-track, college preparatory courses. Our findings support the intersecting role of exclusionary discipline and tracking in opportunity stratification
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574231168634
ER  -