000			01820nam a2200217Ia 4500
008			241008s9999||||xx |||||||||||||| ||und||
022			_a2040-5804
100			_aPark, Timothy _9122094
245		0	_aSales performance of direct food marketers: African American-led operations
260			_bApplied Economic Perspectives and Policy
260			_c2024
300			_a255-274
520			_aThis paper examines the impact of participation in direct marketing on the entire distribution of farm sales for African American (AA) operations using the unconditional quantile regression (UQR) estimator. Our analysis yields unbiased estimates of the unconditional impact of direct marketing on farm sales and reveals the heterogeneous effects that occur across the distribution of farm sales. The sales gap for AA-led operations is about 11% across all quantiles when we control for farming and marketing experience along with key features of the farm operation such as crop choice and geographic location. The relative sales gap for AA operations declines across the distribution of farm sales and actually disappears for the largest operations. The network effect that we identify is associated with a sales premium for AA-led operations relative to other operations engaged in direct marketing. Marketing experts and extension professionals can use this information to guide farmers who are considering initiating or expanding direct marketing activities.
650			_a Local Food Marketing Practices _9122095
650			_a Recentered Influence Functions _9122096
650			_a Unconditional Quantile Model _9122097
650			_aAfrican American Farmers _9122098
700			_a Ibrahim, Mohammed _9122099
700			_a Martinez, Steve _9122100
856			_uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aepp.13405
999			_c134209 _d134209