000			01747nas a2200217Ia 4500
008			241107c99999999xx |||||||||||| ||und||
022			_a0022-0388
100			_aBastos, Joao Pedro _9122992
245		0	_aFemale Ownership of Firms and Regulation Experience
260			_bThe Journal of Development Studies
260			_c2024
300			_a1412-1434
520			_aThe presence of gender disparity in de jure rules across the world is relatively well-known. Many studies show that this disparity is detrimental to female labor participation. Our focus is different in that we examine whether firms with females amongst ownership experience elevated time costs and burdens associated with government regulations relative to their male-owned counterparts. In this sense, we are interested in both de facto and de jure differences in governmental regulation. Using firm-level data and two alternative matching methods, our results suggest that firms with at least one female owner report that senior management spends a larger percentage of their time dealing with regulations. We also find that construction permits take approximately 4-7 days longer to obtain for these same firms. Lastly, we find that female-owned firms perceive labor regulations to be a larger obstacle to business operations. In all cases, these effects tend to be largest in countries with the most disparity in de jure rules. However, the gap remains even in the most de jure equal countries.
650			_a Discrimination _920737
650			_a Female Ownership _9122993
650			_a Firm and Regulation _9122994
650			_a Gender
650			_aInequality
700			_a Pavlik, Jamie Bologna _9122995
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2024.2348552
999			_c134411 _d134411